A reading is simultaneously taken on both gauges to correctly determine the friction loss of the. Fire hose made using adhesives of any type do not meet this specifi cation. We start with 400 forestry hose and drop 100 of hose each time, thereby showing steam improvements as we remove hose and friction loss. How to calculate and overcome friction loss fire rescue 1.
Measuring water flow for fire suppression fire apparatus. Typical friction loss reductions of over 50% compared to other hose designs deliver more water at standard operating pressure. Pump operators should commit these five friction loss principles to memory. Nfpa 1002, standard on fire apparatus driveroperator professional qualifications indication.
Friction loss in wildland hose lays usda forest service. Friction loss that part of the total pressure lost while forcing water through pipe, fittings, fire hose, and adapters causes of friction loss in fire hose a. Key hose key factor friction loss calculator the hose. Keylite liner material meets nsf national sanitation foundation standard 61. Angle hose valves aluminum handwheel 212 65 mm approved 300 lb. For 1 34, our department figures the fl as follows per 100. Wildland fire engine operators should understand friction loss fundamentals and be. View our chart to learn about theoretical friction loss in fire hoses. Each hose size is designed as an individual images that are intended to be downloaded and printed on standard 8 12 x11 paper. Key hose keylite double jacket fire hose municipal hose.
Friction loss in fire hose is governed by the following rules. Every pump operators basic equation fire engineering. Industrial and municipal fire fighting master stream appliances municipal potable water transfer crash fire rescue all cold weather applications. This chart shows the relationship between rate the pressure drop for 50 feet of hose length is half that of flow,i. Friction loss is the resulting resistance as water fluid moves along the inside wall of either a hose, pipe, or hose fittings. Friction loss is determined by the gpm flowing, the size. Friction loss is determined by the gpm flowing, the size of the hose and the length of the hose. The higher the gpm passing through a hose, the more turbulance and friction loss will result.
Just remember though, those figures are based on double jacketed cotton hose with rubber liners. This chart is designed using the friction loss formula to find quick and accurate answers for 3 fire hose friciton loss. The greatest reduction in friction loss in modern fire hose has been created both accidently and later intentionally by increasing the internal diameter of charged fire hose. We have created a friction loss calculator for the most common fire hose sizes between 34 and 6. Determine the flow and use the proper flow measuring device to develop the required flow in the hose. The driver operator needs to be able to calculate friction loss in fire hose in order to produce an effective fire stream. Friction loss charts firehouse forums firefighting.
A proprietary reverse twill weave construction reduces friction loss, while ensuring the hose is lighter and easier to maneuver. Originally designed over 40 years ago, supreme has become the host to which all others are. The maximum efficient flow, also referred to as critical velocity, is the. Indepth firefighter training features and videos, structural firefighting tactics and strategy, fire news, and more. With our easy to read chart, you can easily see how mush pressure loss per 100 feet of hose occurs due to your choice of hose diameter and flow rate. This friction loss calculator is used to determine the friction loss on one or more 100 foot section of 4 inch fire hose. Dpo hydraulics refresher lake jackson volunteer fire. Fire hose for aggressive interior combat operations friction loss at 200 gpm is over 15% less than regular 4 hose. The importance of friction loss and flow testing fire. It proved to have the same pump discharge pressure needed as our current set up. Friction loss in water hose pounds per square inch per 100 foot length straight smooth bore to convert psi to megapascals mpa multiply by 0. Friction loss characteristics of fire hose have changed as a result of evolving hose manufacturing technology. Siamese divide nozzle gpm by 2 never exceed pdp of 250 psi. The right column is the friction loss fl, measured in psi for each 100 section fire hose.
Published friction loss characteristics may be overly conservative. United states department of agriculture forest service. Hose friction loss charts the key to getting large amounts of water to the fire scene faster is to reduce friction loss. Theoretical friction loss in fire hose darley pumps. Its engineered design, for 75 psi and higher nozzle applications, guarantees minimum weight with maximum durability and packability with minimal friction loss. The fire engine pump creates a mechanical energy force pressure measured in pounds per square inch psi to pump water. Angle hose valves underwriters listed and factory mutual approved and new york city board of standards and appeals approved, ulc. Friction loss in water hose pounds per square inch per. Driver operator manual chapter 3 fireground hydraulics tn. To find the friction loss for a 100 foot section of fire hose, find the column with the desired gpm and to its right youll see the corrosponding friction loss. We lay out the friction loss that occurs in a fire hose due to the hose diameter gpm flow and length of the hose. The following are the instructions for conducting flow tests to determine friction loss in fire hose.
A 2 12 x 1 12 adapter is added to the male end of the 2 12 to ensure an accurate reading at the inlet gauge without vibration. Hose the process of calculating friction loss in 2. The fire streams project team used a standard hose industry method to determine friction loss by using 200 of 1. Baseline friction loss coefficients used by todays fire fighters for calculating fire hose pressure loss were. Nozzle pressure to be called a fire stream, a hoseline needs to have a nozzle. Supreme is a durable, rugged, traditional double jacket fire hose and one of the best values on the market today. Friction loss lbs per square inch friction head feet v elocity feet per second gallons per minute high purity piping design data.
Printable fire hose friction loss calculator we have created a friction loss calculator for the most common fire hose sizes between 34 and 6. As water courses through the hose, it experiences friction created by rough hose linings, couplings, gravitational forces, and turbulent flow. Loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of fire hose or appliances. International fire service training association ifsta fire protection publications fire stream practices 7th edition these figures may vary depending on manufacturer and age of hose. Fire hose friction loss t9 pressure loss in psi per 100 hose equal length siamesed lines. Net pump discharge pressure npdp is the end result of hoseline calculations. For example, if the flow in 100 feet of 3 hose is 300 gpm, then the friction loss is 9 psi per 100.
Friction loss tables list of printable friction loss tables for. Determination of fire hose friction loss characteristics. C coefficient for hose diameter q quantity l length. There is no better way to reduce friction loss than to use snaptites ponn conquest. Friction loss formulas and calculations fl c x q2ll september 2003 slide 382. September 2003 slide 383 driveroperator 1b fl coefficients c factors refer to the third principle of friction loss the base of the friction loss equation.
Recommended pump discharge pressures for standpipe operations fire floor recommended pump discharge pressure 1 10 150 psi 11 20 200 psi. Test is performed using a 2 12 double jacket big 10 x 25 long fire hose from the pump panel to the ground. Low friction loss for large flows in comparison to 2 12, 3, or 4 inch hose. The fire streams project team tested and purchased new hose key big 10 that has a 2025 psi friction loss per 50 and has the flow characteristics we were seeking. In the field, we calculate friction loss in 3 hose by using the q2 method, and. Conquest reduces friction loss by up to 50% as compared to other hose designs to deliver more water at standard operating pressure. Requires less space than standard double jacket or rubber hose. Many of the synthetics with urethane liners can very in friction loss, but is lower than the above chart.
While conservatism in fire protection is generally good, in this case it may lead to excessively high pump discharge. Dthe smoothness of the tube and the be easily extended by use of proportions, e. Driveroperator 1b cheat sheet journey to firefighter. L fl friction loss in psi q flow rate in hundreds of gpm. Fire hose friction loss data for friction loss data in 100 feet 30m of fire hose, see the pdf for friction loss table. Just what you need to calculate the most precise friction loss for a wide range of key hose products. These friction loss figures will vary accordingly with age and manufacturer of hose. When using a fire department pump we can also impart a lot. Drag coefficiency is the lowest of any fire hose we have tested making it easier to pull during attack operations. Fire hose friction loss t9 pressure loss in psi per 100 hose equal length. Kink resistance exceeds that of conventional jacketed hose. E fire logistics and math education student activity worksheet please complete this worksheet after the presentation. With this being said, you can test the hose in 50 or 100foot sections and divide the friction loss in half. Friction loss in fittings watts water technologies.
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